- #Cognitive demand of undistracted highway driving drivers#
- #Cognitive demand of undistracted highway driving driver#
#Cognitive demand of undistracted highway driving driver#
found that driver factors (including driver errors) are the most common cause of traffic accidents / crashes. ĭriver distraction reduces driver performance and presents an important factor in the occurrence of traffic accidents.
#Cognitive demand of undistracted highway driving drivers#
Drivers are generally flexible and can adapt their behaviour connected to driving in a way that allows them to also fulfil an increased demand for activities not related to their driving. Reasons for driving distraction can be connected to any cognitive process, such as daydreaming, mind wandering, solving mathematical problems or various decision making, and to the use of information systems in the vehicle (radio, navigation, phones…), all of which can influence the driver’s attention to the driving process. Lansdown, Stephens, and Walker emphasize that there is no common definition of driver distraction currently valid, but they assess that the most appropriate definition would be that of Hedlund, Simpson, and Mayhew, who define distraction as an occurrence involving a diversion of attention of the driver due to the fact that the driver temporarily focuses on something (an object, person, task or event) that is not related to his driving, which consequently reduces his awareness, ability of decision making, and performance, which leads to a higher risk of the need for corrective actions, near-crashes and crashes. define a distraction as occurring in the event of inattention, which causes a delay in recognizing information that is needed to safely perform a driving task. The distraction can be minimal and have no effect on the driver’s attention and driving performance, or it may be so extensive that the driver is no longer able to give the needed attention to the task of driving and consequently suffers from diminished driving performance. While driving, certain events or activities can distract the driver. Because the driver is the most changing factor out of these, as it reflects the characteristics of each individual, research in this area is extremely important.
The occurrence of traffic accidents is influenced by many factors, which are generally divided into factors on the side of the driver, vehicle, and the environment.
In 2016, road injuries were the eighth top cause of deaths, killing 1.35 million people worldwide. The driving itself often becomes routine, even in unknown traffic environments, which can present a significant cause for traffic accidents. Most adults carry out transport related activities daily. On the other hand, drivers that visually focus on traffic signals and pedestrians and think about driving speed, driving rules, and other traffic participants, tend to notice crucial changes in the traffic environment more often. Main findings show that thinking about personal problems, chores and errands as well as roadside advertisements on the cognitive side, and looking at advertisements and the natural environment on the visual side, present the most negative impacts on drivers’ perception of crucial changes in the traffic environment. A constructed conceptual model was subjected to analysis using Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Driver self evaluation data was used to define which elements attract most visual and cognitive distraction. The present research focuses on selected visual and cognitive distractions that the driver is faced with, and on their influence on detecting and perceiving changes in the traffic environment. Drivers are met with numerous elements requiring their attention while driving.
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